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HOW FAR 91 & FAR 135 DIFFER
| Drug & Alcohol Testing - For FAR 91, testing is only required when law enforcement requests it or when there is reason to believe the pilot has already operated or attempted to operate an aircraft while under the influence. For FAR 135, each employee must be tested in the following ways: pre-employment testing, periodic testing, random testing, post-accident testing, testing based on reasonable cause, and follow-up testing. | |
| Runway Length Requirements - In FAR 135, the aircraft must be capable of landing within 80% of the runway length. This affects access to many smaller airports but helps ensure a safe landing in case of an emergency. | |
| Flight Crew Time & Rest Requirements - FAR 91 doesn't have any specific crew time or rest requirements. FAR 135 has very strict regulations on flight time and rest for crew members. Crew flight time may not exceed: 1,200 hours in a calendar year, 120 hours in a calendar month, 34 hours in 7 consecutive days, or 8 hours in 24 consecutive hours. Crew rest periods must be at least: 9 consecutive hours rest for less than 8 hours flight time, 10 consecutive hours rest for flights 8-9 hours, or 11 consecutive hours rest for 9 or more hours flight time. | |
| Available Airports - FAR 91 allows aircraft to land where there is no weather reporting, at the judgement of the pilot-in-command. FAR 135 does not allow an aircraft to begin an approach to an airport with no weather reporting facility unless the alternate airport has approved weather reporting. | |
| Pilot Records Improvement Act - FAR 135 operators are required to comply with the Pilot Records Improvement Act of 1996, as amended. This can create delays in the hiring process and requires disclosure of personnel and training records, but it results in hiring better, safer pilots. | |
| Authority - FAR 135 requires that all pilots adhere to the standards set forth whereas FAR 91 allows the pilot-in-command to have the final authority to deviate from any regulation if they believe it is necessary. | |
| FAR Part 135 Certificate - FAR 135 requires a lengthy and costly application process in order to become certified. This process includes: pre-application, formal application, documentation, demonstration & inspection, and certification. |
